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Indira Gandhi vs The Syndicate

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 The 1969 Congress Split – Indira Gandhi vs The Syndicate                                                           1. Introduction to the Congress Split of 1969: The 1969 Congress Split marked a significant shift in India’s political history after independence. It primarily stemmed from a conflict over ideology and power between Indira Gandhi, the Prime Minister at the time, and a faction of senior Congress leaders, referred to as the Syndicate. This split fundamentally altered the Indian National Congress (INC), leading to major changes in the political landscape and contributing to the emergence of a new style of leadership and a realignment in Indian politics. Background to the 1969 Split The Congress Syndicate The Congress Syndicate was a collective of senior and influential Congress leaders who wielded considerable power within the p...
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The Three Language Policy in the Eyes of Tamils: Opposition and the Future

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                                         The Three Language Policy and Tamil Identity The concept of the three-language formula was initially introduced by the Education Commission (1964-66), also known as the Kothari Commission. It was later officially implemented in the National Policy on Education (NPE) in 1968, during the tenure of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. Tamil Nadu has a long history of opposing the mandatory imposition of Hindi, a resistance that dates back to the 1930s and 1940s with the emergence of the Dravidian movement. This movement, spearheaded by leaders like Periyar E. V. Ramasamy and later championed by political parties such as the DMK (Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam), viewed the enforcement of Hindi as a form of cultural dominance that threatened Tamil heritage. The opposition intensified in the 1960s when the central government's attempt to establish Hindi as the ...
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